Fate of a thrombus mnemonic

Different fates of a thrombi mnemonic

PEDOR

P=Propagation

E=Embolisation

D=Dissolution

OR=Organization & Recanalization

Food intoxicants mnemonic

Food intoxicants khaoge to FEDAAN ho jaoge.

F=Fusarium
E=Ergot
D=Dropsy
A=Aflatoxin
A=Ascites
N=Neurolathyrism

Alfa toxin is produced by Aspergillus

Pupillary reaction abnormalities mnemonic

ATP ARP ALR MEW

ATP=Adie's Tonic Pupil
ARP=Argyll Robertson Pupil
ALR=Amaurotic Light Reflex

M=Marcus Gunn Pupil
E=Efferent pathway defect
W=Wernicke's hemianopic pupil

Papilloedema changes in eye sketch

Early papilloedema signs
1.blurring of optic disc it first affect the nasal side then superior then inferior and finally temporal side of disc
2.mild hyperemia of disc
3.splinter hemorrhages surrounding the disc
4.blurring of peripapillary nerve fibres

Established Papilloedema signs
1.marked hyperemia
2.Blurring of optic disc
3.tortous and engorged peripapillary veins
4.cotton wool spots
5.Paton lines(not panton lines as written in the image)

Topical corticosteroids side effect

Corticosteroids side effects are
1.Topical
2.Systemic
Systemic corticosteroid side effects mnemonic is available on internet...

Topical corticosteroids side effects were not available so this mnemonic is about the topical corticosteroids side effects...

Mnemonic

Corticosteroids Increase GDP

C=Cataract
I=Infections
G=Glaucoma
D=Dry eye
P=Ptosis


Systemic side effects of steroids are 2 types
1.ocular
2.others

Ocular problems arising Due to systemic Steroid can be remembered by the same mnemonic

Mnemonic

Corticosteroids Increase GDP

C=Cataract, CRVO
I=Infections
G=Glaucoma
D=Delayed wound healing
P=Papilloedema

Secondary glaucoma causes mnemonic

NIPPLES

N=Neovascular glaucoma

I=IES associated glaucoma (Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome), Inflammatory glaucoma

P=Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma

P=Pigmented glaucoma

L=Lens induced glaucoma

E=Evade(avoid)

S=Steroid induced glaucoma

BMOH action format mnemonic

BMOH SAid he GOT 3 Mobile at WFP(World Food Programme) MEla...

SA=Situation Analysis
GOT=Goal,Objective,Target
M=Manpower
M=Material
M=Money
WFP=Writing Formulated Plan
FP=Fixing Priorities
P=Programming and implementation
ME=Monitering and Evaluation

Couple protection rate mnemonic

Causes of low couple protection rate mnemonic

UN SPLASheD CPR

UN=Unmet Need for contraception

S=Socioeconomic constraints

P=Programme constraints

L=Limited access to quality health service

A=Awareness is lacking about temporary contraception methods

SD=Staff Deficit

CPR=Couple protection rate...


How to control low CPR mnemonic

COUPLE SAid they GOT 3Mobile in WFP(World food plan)..

COUPLE =reminds of COUPLE protection rate..(CPR)

SA=Situation Analysis
GOT=Goal,Objective,Target
M=Manpower
M=Material
M=Money
WFP=Writing Formulated Plan
FP=Fixing Priorities
P=Programming and implementation 

Cost benefit analysis mnemonic

Steps of cost benefit analysis mnemonic

COST BENEFIT Analysis RAP

COST=COST determination
BENEFIT=calculate BENEFIT
A=Alternatives compared(compare alternatives)
RAP=Report & Action Plan

BENEFIT is expressed in MONETARY terms in cost benefit analysis....

Cost effective analysis is similar to cost benefit analysis but it do not express BENEFIT in MONETARY terms rather it is expressed in terms of RESULTS ACHIEVED...

RESULTS ACHIEVED in medical field is number of lives saved, number days free from disease etc.....
So in medical field cost effective analysis is better than cost benefit analysis.....

Nutritional status assessment mnemonic

Methods of nutritional status assessment mnemonic

ABCDEFgH

A=Anthropometry
B=Biochemical examination
C=Clinical examination
D=Dietary intake assessment
E=Ecological studies
F=Functional assessment
H=vital & Health statistics 

GOITRE control programme mnemonic

SOna MON MANe na  MASS HAZARer GOITARE....
(it's a Bengali poem)
S=Salt(iodized salt)
O=Oil(iodized oil)
MON=MONitering
MAN=MANpower training
MASS=MASS communication
HAZAR=HARARds of iodination

GOITARE= GOITARE means GOITRE

Child labour act mnemonic

child labour act
According to this act a child can not work in certain areas which are listed in a mnemonic

a CHILD Learns AABBCCDDEEF

A=Abattoir
A=Ash pit cleaning , Ash packing
B=Building construction
B=Beedi making
C=Cloth printing
C=Carpet weaving, Cement manufacturing
D=Dyeing
D=Descalding cashew
E=Electronic industries
E=Explosive
F=Fire works

Barrier of communication mnemonic

PECtin BARRIER

P=Physiological,Psychological
E=Environmental barrier
C=Cultural barrier

Geriatric health problems mnemonic

Old people watch  APL( American premier League)

A= Ageing process(problems associated with Ageing process)
P= Psychological problems
L= Long term illness (problem associated with long term illness)

RED Cross society mnemonic

REd Cross MED(made) FB FAMous in ARMED FORCES

RE=RElief work
C=Child welfare services
MED=MEDical supply and milk supply

FB=First aid & Blood bank
FAM=FAMily planning
ARMED FORCES=ARMED FORCES

UNICEF services mnemonic

WHEN UNICEF Formed ?

W=Child Welfare
H=child Health
E=child Education
N=child Nutrition
F=Family welfare 

Factories act mnemonic

SHOLEy ke FACTORY main SHWeta tiwary...

S=Scope
H=Hours of work
O=Occupational diseases
L=Leave with wages
E=Employment of young persons , Employment in hazardous process

SHW=Health Safety and Welfare

FACTORY reminds of factories act....

Spectrum of iodine deficiency disorders mnemonic

GOn HYPNOtized DoreMon's MEN & HElped SPESTRAN to defeat SNEIl.

GO=GOitre
HYPNO=HYPOthyroidism
DM=Delayed Motor Milestones
M=MENtal defect
HE=HEaring defects
SPE=SPEech defect
STRA=STRAbismua
N=Nystagmus

S=Spasticity
N=Neuromuscular weakness
E=Endemic cretinism
I=Intrauterine death

SICKNESS ABSENTEEISM causes mnemonic

MENS get sick

M=Medical causes
E=Economic causes
N=Non occupational causes
S=Social causes

ICDS objectives mnemonic

INHaS Rise at 3M to LAY THE FOUNDATION OF PSP and ECM

INHS=Improve Nutritional and Health Status of children (0-6 years)

R 3M=Reduce Mortality,Morbidity,Malnutrion

LAY THE FOUNDATION OF PSP=LAY THE FOUNDATION OF Psychological,Social and Physical development of child

ECM=Enhance the Capability of Mother

Voluntary health agencies function mnemonic

SAD PEGion

S=Supplementing the work of government agencies

A=Advancing health legislation 

D=Demonstration

P=Pioneering

E=Education (health education)

G=Guarding the work of Government agencies

WHO growth chart uses mnemonic

PEG DATE

P=Planing and Policy making
E=Evaluation
G=Growth monitering

D=Diagnosis tool
A=Action tool
T=Teaching tool
E=Education tool

BMOH functions mnemonic

BMOH has got SAGI functions

S=Supervisory function
A=Administrative function
G=General function
I=Intersectoral coordination

Supervisory functions mnemonic
TIIPS
T=Training
I=IEC activities (information,education and communication)
I=Investigation and assessment of problems
P=providing medical care
S=Supervising and scrutinizing work of staff in implementation of plan

Administrative functions mnemonic

Full Masti in CONDUCTION and ORGANIZATION of TOURS

F=Financial power
M=Management of personnel
CONDUCTION=conducting monthly meeting
ORGANIZATION of TOURs=Organizing tour

Management mnemonic

Management consist of 4 activities

POCeMON. (Pokemon)

P=Planning
O=Organizing
C=Communcating
MON=MONitering

Management methods mnemonic

COMMUNICATE to PM MODI

COMMUNICATE=COMMUNICATION
PM=Personnel Management
M=MBO(management by  objective)
OD=Organizational Design
I=Information system

ESI benefits mnemonic

MEDICOS in  DEEP DISASTER  no  MATTER how SICK they are FULL REspect


MEDICOS=MEDICAL benefit
DEEP=DEPendent benefit
DISASTER=DISAblement benefit
MATTER=MATERnity benefit
SiCK=SICKness benefit
FULL=FUneral benefit
RE=REhabilitation benefit

Communication channels mnemonic

MIT FOLK

M=Mass Media
I=Interpersonal communication
T=Traditional
FOLK=Folk media

Traditional and folk media are same.....
Interpersonal communication is better than other 2 types of channels of commumication because it is EPIC..

E=Effective
P=Persuasive
I=Influencial
C=Community debate and discussion(the community debate and discuss on any topic by interpersonal communication and decide whether to accept the message or reject the message)

IUD candidate Criteria mnemonic

CAPTAIn  MoM

C=child (has one child at least)
A=Access (has access to follow up and treatment)
P=Pelvic disease history(no Pelvic disease history)
TAI=TAIL check(willing to check IUD tail)
M=Monogamous relationship
M=Menstrual period(normal Menstrual period)


IUDs are contraindication for nulliparous women and for those with multiple sexual partners
Due to AEIou..(your vowels)

A=Abdominal pain
E=Expulsion
I=Infection(PID) , Infertility (risk of developing Infertility)


When to introduce IUD ?
Ans-within 10 days of menstruation..
How do I remember this ... I call IUD with a new name 10D.......

10D means 10 Days ....

Functions of WHO mnemonic

Exam Hall  ka PC ka DiSC Lagake FB STATUS Check

EH=Environmental Health

PC=Prevention & Control of specific diseases

DSC=Developing Comprehensive Services

L=Literature(health literature)

F=Family health

B=Biomedical research

STATUS=STATIStics (health Statistics)

C=Cooperation with other organizations 

Prevention of occupational diseases mnemonic

Occupational diseases are prevented by 3 measures

1.Medical measures

2.Engineering measures

3.Legislation

Engineering measures mnemonic

HOt DESI Madam ViDeshi Pet

HO=HOuse keeping(good house keeping)

DESI=DESIgn of building

E=Enclosure

S=Substitution

I= Isolation

M= Mechanization

V=Ventilation (local , general)

D=Dust

P=Protective devices

Ptosis causes mnemonic

Ptosis is of 2 types

1. CONGENITAL
2.ACQUIRED

congenital causes mnemonic

BoSSS
B=Blepharophimosis syndrome
S=Simple ptosis
S=Synkinetic ptosis
S=Superior rectus weakness

Acquired ptosis causes 4 types
1.neurogenic
2.myogenic
3.aponeurotic
4.mechanical

Neurogenic causes mnemonic THOMaS
T=Third nerve palsy
H=Horner syndrome
OM=Opthalmoplegic Migraine
MS=Multiple Sclerosis

Myogenic causes
1.Mysthaenia gravis
2.lambert Eaton syndrome
3.Dystrophia myotonic

Cicatricial entropion causes mnemonic

TMCP Sarkar

T=Trachoma
M=Membranous conjunctivitis
C=Chemical burn
P=Pemphigus
S=Stevens Johnson syndrome

Chronic rhinitis types mnemonic

CASH
C=Caseosa(rhinitis Caseosa)
A=Atrophic rhinitis
S=Sicca(rhinitis Sicca),  Simple rhinitis
H=Hypertrophic rhinitis

Carpal bones ossification mnemonic

CHaTRI Line SToP

C=Capitate.                        2 Month
H=Hamate.                        3 Month
TRI=TRIquetral.                 3 YEAR
L=Lunate.                           4 YEAR
S=Scaphoid.                       5 YEAR
T=Trapezoid,Triquetral.    5 YEAR
P=Pisiform.                        12 YEAR

Hoarseness causes mnemonic

NTPC FUel FIlter INdustry

N=Neoplasms(Tumor)
T=Trauma
P=Paralysis
C=Congenital
FU=FUnctional
FI=FIxation of Cord
IN=INflammatory

Stridor history mnemonic

Stridor history points to be noted

CMDT Flashcard

C=Cyanotic spells
M=Mode of onset
D=Duration
T=Time of onset
F=Feeding (relation to feeding)

Time of onset means from when stridor is present ....it is to know whether it is congenital or acquired..

Mode of onset means whether it is sudden or gradual....

Duration meaning short periods or long periods of stridor...

STRIDOR causes mnemonic

STRIDOR etiology mnemonic

STRIdor causes are

1.Congenital

2.Acquired(again 2 types)

   a.afebrile

   B.febrile

Congenital causes mnemonic Very WeLSH

V=Vocal cord paralysis

W=Web(laryngeal web)

L=Laryngomalacia

S=Subglottic stenosis

H=Hemangioma

Acquired febrile causes mnemonic

PRECIDe FEVER

P=Paratonsillar abscess

R=Retropharyngeal abscess

E=Epiglottitis

C=Croup(laryngotracheobronchitis)

I=Infectious mononucleosis

D=Diphtheria

other than these causes ACQUIRED FEBRILE causes also include laryngotracheitis,laryngitis...

Afebrile Acquired causes mnemonic

HTP FILE

HT=Hypertrophied Tonsil

P=Papillomatosis

F=Foreign body

I=Injury

LE=Laryngeal Edema

Thyrocervical trunk branches mnemonic

Thyrocervical trunk branches mnemonic

SITA
S= Suprascapular artery
I= Inferior Thyroid artery
T= Transverse Cervical artery
A= Ascending Cervical artery

Lymph node examination mnemonic

During examination of a lymph node few points have to noted ....
e.g.-Location number size etc....
So to remember this points here is a mnemonic

Lymph node examination mnemonic

Lymph Node Signed TEN MOBILE CONtracts..

L=Location
N=Number
S=Size
TEN=TENderness
MOBILE=MOBILITY
CON=CONsistency ( Hard or Soft)

Both hard and soft lymph node is bad sign...

Metastatic nodes are HARD....
 Melanoma nodes are SOFT....

Obstructive sleep apnoea mnemonic

Complications of Obstructive sleep apnoea mnemonic
complications come as  SMALl PACT with sleep apnoea

S= Snoring spouse syndrome
M= Memory loss
A= Angina
L= Libido decreased
L= LOL

P= Polycythemia Vera, hyPertension
A= Arrythmia
C= Cor pulmonale
T= Traffic accidents

Polysomnography mnemonic

Polysomnography record various parameters and it becomes difficult to remember all of them at the time of examination so here is a mnemonic.......

BOS PONA

B=Blood pressure
O=Oesophageal pressure
S=Sleep position

PO=Pulse Oximetry
NA=Nasal airflow

Other than this 5 things Polysomnography also record CEMO.
ECG,EEG,EMG,EOG..
EOG=Electrooculogram
EMG=Electromyography

Peritonsillar abscess mnemonic

Peritonsillar abscess symptoms mnemonic 

ODIN QUEEN ERACHE's  FOUL HOTPOT TRICK

ODIN =ODINophagia(odynophagia)

QUEEN= QUINsy

ERACHE=EARACHE{ arrange the ERACHE and earache they are almost same}

FOUL=FOUL breath

HOTPOT=HOT POTATO voice

TRICK=TRIsmus

Complications of peritonsillar abscess mnemonic
QUEEN is lookin for JObS

J= jugular vein thrombosis
O= Oedema of larynx
b= pneumonitis (b look like p if you reverse it)
S= Septicemia 

Retropharyngeal Abscess mnemonic

Symptoms of retropharyngeal Abscess mnemonic

EAT TORToise BUrger &  BREak COUnter STRIke.....

EAT=difficulty to EAT
TORT=TORTicolis
BU=BUlge in posterior pharyngeal wall
BRE=BREathing difficulty
COU=Croupy COUgh
STRI=STRIdor

Tonsillitis mnemonic

Tonsillitis symptoms mnemonic

Tonsillitis FEEAR SWALLOWING PAIN

FE=FEver
EAR=EARache
SWALLOWING=SWALLOWING is difficult
PAIN=PAIN in throat(sore throat)

Oesophagoscopy mnemonic

Contraindications of Oesophagoscopy mnemonic
CAT MAN

C=Cervical spine disease
A=Aneurysm of aorta
T=Trismus
MAN= MANdible( receding mandible)

Complications of Oesophagoscopy is very simple go anatomically
1.injury to lip
2.injury to teeth
3.injury to pharyngeal mucosa
4.injury to arytenoid
5.perforation of esophagua
6.compression of trachea..

Tracheostomy mnemonic

Functions of Tracheostomy mnemonic
VIP PROTECT BAR ADMINISTRATION

V=Ventilation (alveolar Ventilation improvement)
IP=IPPV {intermittent positive pressure Ventilation}
PROTECT=Protect the airways

BA=Breathing Alternate pathway
R=Removal of Secretions
ADMINISTRATION=ADMINISTER anaesthesia

Indications of TRACHEOSTOMY mnemonic

IOS

I=Insufficiency (respiratory Insufficiency)
O=Obstruction (respiratory obstruction)
S=Secretions retained

Types of Tracheostomy mnemonic

Protein Energy Malnutrition
P=Permanent tracheostomy,Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy)
E=Emergency tracheostomy, Elective tracheostomy
M=Mini tracheostomy


Complications of tracheostomy

Immediate
Intermediate
Late

Immediate complications mnemonic

HAPARO score

H=HEMORRHAGE
A=Apnoea
P=Pneumothorax
A=Aspiration of blood
R=Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
O=Oesophagus injury

Intermediate complications mnemonic

BASTArD

B=Bleeding, Blocking the tube
A=Abscess
S=Subcutaneous emphysema
T=Tracheobronchitis
A=Atelectasis
D=Displacement of tube

Plummer Vinson syndrome mnemonic

Plummer Vinson syndrome mnemonic

IgE

I=Iron deficiency anemia
g=glossitis
E=Esophageal web

Esophageal web causes symptoms of Dysphagia
Iron deficiency anemia causes koilonychia and angular stomatitis...

Treatment. Is give iron, B6, B12 ,Esophageal BOUGIE
 Esophageal BOUGIE destroy the WEB

The cause of the WEB is SUBMUCOSAL FIBROSIS...

Dysphagia mnemonic 2

Dysphagia investigations mnemonic

MRP Of HCL Brand Tablet Charger

M=Manometry
R=Radiography
P=PH studies
O=Oesophagoscopy
H=History
C=Clinical examination
L=Lab investigations{ Hemogram is main }
B=Bronchoscopy
T=Thyroid scan
C=Cardiac Catheterization

History should include 4 points ODIN
1.Onset(Sudden or gradual)
2.Duration (progressive Dysphagia or intermittent dysphagia)
3.Intolerance to acidic fruit(indicates ulcerative lesions)
4.Nature of food (Solid or liquid with which type of food dysphagia is seen)

History is extremely helpful in diagnosing many conditions for example Achalasia Cardiac History
Onset=gradual
Duration=progressive dysphagia
Intolerance to acidic fruit=absent
Nature of food=for both solid and liquid 

Dysphagia mnemonic

Causes of Dysphagia can be PREOESOPHAGEAL and OESOPHAGEAL...

PREOESOPHAGEAL cause are
1.ORAL
2.PHARYNGEAL

OESOPHAGEAL causes
1.LUMEN
2.WALL(Hypermotility and Hypomotility)
3.OUTSIDE the WALL

Luminal causes of Dysphagia mnemonic LUMIA FANS

LUMIA=LUMEN causes
F=Foreign body
A=Atresia
N=Neoplasms
S=Strictures

WALL causes of Dysphagia mnemonic

van der WAALS Strain

WAALS =Wall causes

A=Achalasia
ALS=ALS(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
S (S from Strain) =Scleroderma ,Spasm

Spasm is 2 types
1.cricopharyngeal Spasm
2.diffuse esophageal Spasm..

Pharyngeal causes of Dysphagia mnemonic POISon

P=Paralytic conditions
O=Obstructive lesions
I=Inflammatory conditions
S=Spasmodic conditions

Oral causes mnemonic MOUTH is MASTER of LUBRICATION and a MOBILE PLATE..

MOUTH=floor of MOUTH lesions
MASTER=MASTIcation disturbance
LUBRICATION=LUBRICATION disturbance
MOBILE= disturbance of MOBILITY of tongue
PLATE=defects of PALATE

An extremely awkward mnemonic to remember causes of Dysphagia due to outside the wall causes

RING of MEDIA TRY to DIVERT CERVICAL HERNIA

RING=vascular RING
MEDIA=MEDIAstinal lesions
TRY = T hYR oid (Thyroid) lesions
DIVERT=hypopharyngeal DIVERTiculum
CERVICAL=CERVICAL osteophyte
HERNIA=hiatal HERNIA

Deglutition mnemonic

First you must be known to this fact that deglutition means swallowing..

You also must be aware of the fact that Deglutition has got 3 stages..

1.ORAL phase
2.PHARYNGEAL phase
3. ESOPHAGEAL PHASE

Now first we must understand that when food goes from oral cavity to pharynx regurgitation back to oral cavity is prevented... similarly when food goes from pharynx to esophagus regurgitation from esophagus to pharynx is prevented... when food enters from esophagus to stomach regurgitation from stomach to esophagus is prevented....

This is extremely easy we don't even need a mind to understand this or to remember this its like Class 1 stuff...

Our first mnemonic is about the mechanisms which prevent the reflux of bolus from Stomach to Esophagus...

TONE AMPlifier

TONE= TONE of GE sphincter (GE=Gastroesophageal sphincter)
A=Angle (esophagus gastric angle)
M=Mucosal folds at lower end of esophagus
P=Pinch cock effect of diaphragm , Pressure {negative intrathoracic and positive intraabdominal}

How the reflux from esophagus to pharynx is prevented it very easy to understand.. Remember that Cricopharyngeus muscle is the point from where esophagus starts so this Cricopharyngeus muscle CONSTRICTION along with PERISTALSIS waves of esophageal muscles prevent the reflux...

Pharynx to to Oral cavity reflux is prevented by the TONGUE BASE( not the entire tongue).
The TONGUE BASE CONTRACTS as result of that the TONGUE BASE touches the SOFT PALATE and closes OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS...

Now food bolus from pharynx can also go to other places like NASOPHARYNX ,LARYNX .... ENTRY to NASOPHARYNX is prevented by the contraction of SOFT PALATE against the PASSAVANT RIDGE... PASSAVANT RIDGE is part of posterior pharyngeal wall...
ENTRY to LARYNX is prevented by few factors for this we need another mnemonic

CESSATION of RACe

CESSATION of R=CESSATION of Respiration
A=Aryepiglottic fold  constriction
C=Cords Closure(both true and false Cords)
e=epiglottis (why e is not E this is because epiglottis role is extremely minimal in this task of preventing food going into larynx)

Otalgia mnemonic

Otalgia means earache

Causes of otalgia are
1.Local 2.Referred
Local causes are again maybe in External ear originated or Middle ear generated

So mnemonic for the causes of otalgia due External ear origin is FEMOral NErve HERnia

F=Furuncle
E=External otitis{Otitis external}
M=Myringitis bullosa
O=Otomycosis
NE=NEoplasms
HER=HERpes zoster

Mnemonic for otalgia arising Due to middle ear pathology

MAST EUSTACHIAN tube CARCINOMA Surgery in EXTRADOOR AIR(MAST in Hindi means amazing)

MAST=MASToiditis
EUSTACHIN tube=Eustachian tube obstruction
CARCINOMA=Carcinoma of middle ear
S=SOM(Serous otitis media), aSom(acute Suppurative otitis media)
EXTRA DOOR= EXTRA DURAl Abscess
AIR=AERO otitis media (AIR is AERO)

Referred pain you don't need to remember the causes just remember that nerve supply to ear is via some nerves and you just remember the name of those nerves..

These are V, IX, X, C2, C3 nerves...

Otosclerosis mnemonic

Otosclerosis symptoms mnemonic

Females develop otosclerosis and females undergo HPV Test

HPV Positive is our mnemonic

H=Hearing loss

P=Paracusis willisii

V=Vertigo

T=Tinnitus 

Myringoplasty mnemonic

Contraindications of myringoplasty mnemonic

A=Allergy of nose
B=bakwass nothing from B
C=children below 3 years
D=Discharge from ear(persistent)
E=Externa{otitis Externa}

Cholesteatoma mnemonic

CRUSH RBI MEn(RBI means Reserve bank of India)

C=Congenital theory     R=Resting cells

R=Ruedi's theory           B=Basal cell hyperplasia

U=Wittmaack theory     I=Invagination of TM

(W means double UU)

S=Sade's theory.            M=Metaplasia

H=Haberman theory     E=Epithelial invasion

TM means Tympanic membrane.

Cholesteatoma is of 3 types

1.CONGENITAL

2.ACQUIRED, PRIMARY ( means NO pre-existing perforation)

3.ACQUIRED,SECONDARY (means pre-existing perforation was present)

Congenital cholesteatoma theory of origin is congenital theory.

Primary,acquired cholesteatoma theory of origin can only be explained by MIB(Men in Black)

M= metaplasia

I= invagination of TM

B=  basal cell hyperplasia

Secondary,acquired cholesteatoma theory of origin is Most Easy

M= Metaplasia

E=Epithelial invasion

Secretory otitis media mnemonic

Causes of secretory otitis media mnemonic

CARTOSAT(CARTOSAT is a series satellite which observe the earth...we will use it for our mnemonic)

C=Cleft  palate
A=Adenoid hyperplasia
R=Rhinitis(chronic)
T=Tonsillitis(chronic)
O=Otitic barotrauma
S=Sinusitis(chronic)
A=Adenovirus infection
T=Tumors of nasopharynx

Treatment of SOM(Secretory otitis media)

MAD MAG

M=Middle ear aeration(Most important)
A=Antiallergic
D=Decongestants(xylometazoline,oxymetazoline)

M=Myringotomy
A=Aspiration of fluid
G=Grommet insertion

Middle ear aeration is done by Valsalva maneuver(commonly)..
Middle ear aeration can also be done by politzerization...

Children can't be asked to do Valsalva because they do not listen of anyone ,so we give them chewing gum.. chewing gum has to chewed repeatedly that's why it's called chewing gum.. the good thing is that repeated chewing movement open the eustachian tube...

Glomerulonephritis causes mnemonic

GARIMA

G=Good pasture syndrome
A=APSGN(Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis)
R=RPGN (Rapidly progressive Glomerulonephritis)
I= IgA nephropathy
M=MPGN(Membranous proliferative Glomerulonephritis)
A=Alport syndrome

Deviated nasal septum mnemonic

Symptoms of deviated nasal septum mnemonic

SHE MAN

S=Sinusitis
H=Headache
E=Epistaxis
M=Middle ear infection
A=Anosmia
N=Nasal obstruction 

Vertigo causes mnemonic

Vertigo causes are central and peripheral

Peripheral causes mnemonic (For those who understand Bengali)

VHALO Basa Means Prem Story..(VHALO Basa Means love )

V=Vestibular neuronitis

H=Head trauma

A=Acoustic neuroma

L=Labyrinthitis

O=Ototoxic drugs

B=BPPV(Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)

M=Meniere's disease

P=Perilymphatic fistula

S=Syphilis

Vestibular function tests mnemonic

 Reliance & Google CEO are Powerful 

R=Rotation test

G=Galvanic test

C=Caloric test 

E=Electronystagmography

O=Optokinetic test

P=Posturography

Ototoxic drugs mnemonic

DAMn Potato PEANut Chaat

D=Diuretics 

A=Aminoglycosides 

M=anti Malarials

P=Propranolol

P=PTU{propylthiouracil}

E=Erythromycin 

A=Ampicillin 

N=NSAID

C=Cisplatin, carboplatin 

Tympanometry mnemonic

Tympanometry gives you 5 types of tympanogram

Type A
Type As
Type Ad
Type B
Type C
Now I used get confused that which type of tympanogram is found in which condition
So here is a mnemonic

Type As is seen in otosclerosis.. how I remember this is remember that s for sclerosis so type  As is seen in Sclerosis(otosclerosis)...

Type Ad is seen in Disruption (ossicular disruption) ..so d for disruption type Ad is seen in disruption..

Type B is seen when tympanic membrane bulges out(means it becomes dome shaped)..

So B for Bulges out.. so Type B is seen in Bulging of tympanic membrane (Tympanic membrane bulges in conditions where fluid is present inside the middle ear)...

Type C is seen in condition where tympanic membrane is retracted inwards..

Epistaxis treatment mnemonic

FC Pune Entitled for ESL(English soccer league) Tournament 

F=First aid(nasal pinching for 5 minutes)

C=Cauterization 

P=Packing(Packing is of 2 types anterior and posterior nasal packing..
Packing is done with 1 metre RIBBON GAUGE soaked in LIQUID PARAFFIN..
Packing is removed always after 24 hours if bleeding has stopped never before ...)

E=Endoscopic Cauterization 

E=Embolisation

S=SMR operation 

L=Ligation of vessels

T=TESPAL(Transnasal Endoscopic SphenoPalatine Artery Ligation)

Sinusitis Complications mnemonic

Sinusitis complication

IOL(Intra ocular lens)

I=Intracranial

O=Orbital

L=Local

Orbital complications mnemonic

Emphasize the letters in block...

SOFia ASked for PEStA cOCOA

SOF=Superior Orbital Fissure syndrome

AS=Apex Syndrome (Orbital apex syndrome)

PE= Preseptal Edema(Inflammatory Edema)

SA=Subperiosteal Abscess

OC=Orbital Cellulitis

OA=Orbital Abscess

School health services mnemonic

Components or aspects of school health services mnemonic

MED PRANk

M=Mental health
E=Eye health
D=Dental health

P=primary health care (First aid services)
R=Remedial measures and follow up
A=Appraisal of health in school children and school personnel
N=Nutritional services

Objectives of school health services mnemonic

3PCD

P=Promotion of Positive health
P=Provision of healthful environment
P=Prevention of diseases
C=Consciousness (health Consciousness)
D= early Diagnosis, treatment and follow up

Lermoyez syndrome mnemonic

Lermoyez syndrome and meniere's disease they both have same symptoms but the symptoms occur in reverse order....

Lermoyez is gonna give me Supra Ventricular Tachycardia (SVT)


S=SNHL(Sensory neural hearing loss)(1st symptom to happen)
V=Vertigo(2nd symptom)
T=Tinnitus(last symptom)

Meniere's disease symptoms are in reverse order of lermoyez that is TVS 
 How I remember this mnemonic

TVS MERI hain

T=Tinnitus 
V=Vertigo 
S=SNHL

MERI=Meniere's disease

Maternal mortality rate control mnemonic

At prenatal level

CDC SIR

C=Check up(adequate antenatal check up)

D=Dietary supplement

C=Complications prevention and treatment 

S=specific protection against anemia and tetanus 

I=Infection prevention 

R=Registration of pregnancy 

At intranatal level

STD

S=Safe abortion 

T=Training the local dais

D=delivery clean and institutional 

At postnatal level

Family planning

Medical termination of pregnancy mnemonic

Grounds of MTP
 MESH

M=Medical
E=Eugenic
S=Socioeconomic
H=Humanitarian 

SNCU admission criteria mnemonic

SNCU admission criteria  ABCD ST

A=apnea
B=birth weight below 1800 gram or above 4 kg
C=central cyanosis, coma, convulsion
D=Distress(respiratory Distress)

S=Shock, Severe jaundice
T=Temperature below 35.4°C or Temp above 37.5°C

HIV post exposure prophylaxis mnemonic

LAMe TEEN LOPIng and RIding

LAME =LAMIvudine

TEEN=TENofovir

LOPIng=LOPInavir

RIding=RItonavir

Post exposure prophylaxis is given for 28 days and should be started within 72 hours of exposure...
Lamivudine+ Tenofovir +LPV/r

LPV=Lopinavir

r=ritonavir

AIDS Treatment mnemonic or Anti retroviral therapy mnemonic

Anti retroviral therapy mnemonic according to WHO 2013 guidelines mnemonic

ART for adults(Here adult means age more than 10 or weight more than 35 kg) mnemonic

TEL

T=Tenofovir
E=Efavirenz
L=Lamivudine

For pregnant and lactating women ART guideline is same as adult that is regimen is TEL.

For children who are below 10 years of age
We divide them in 2 groups

1.below 3 years of age ..
2.above 3 years of age but below 10 years..

For below 3 year regimen is ALL is well..

A=Abacavir
L=Lamivudine
L=LPV/r(LPV=Lopinavir, r=ritonavir)

For children above 3 years regimen is ELA.

E= efavirenz
L= lamivudine
A= abacavir

National immunization schedule mnemonic

National immunization schedule of India mnemonic

At birth =BOH

At 6 week=DOHH

At 10 week =DOHH

At 14 week=DOHH

At 9 month =MA

At 16 month=JEDOMA

BOH=BCG, OPV,Hep B

DOHH=DPT, OPV, Hep B, HiB

MA=Measles, vit. A

JEDOMA=JE ,DPT,OPV,Measles, vit.A

 At 6,10,14 week we give OPV, Pentavalent vaccine (DPT,Hep B,HiB)
HiB means Hemophilus Influenza type B
HepB means hepatitis B..

Killed vaccines mnemonic

CuTe BIJITA want TRP

C=Cholera 

T=TBE(Tick Borne Encephalitis)

B=Bubonic plague 

I=Influenza

J=JE (Japanese Encephalitis)

I=OPV

T=Typhoid

A=hepatitis A 

T=Typhus

R=Rabies

P=Pertussis(now days we produce acellular Pertussisvaccine i.e. we produce pertussis toxoid with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid as DPT Toxoid)

Live attenuated vaccines mnemonic

LIVE AT POMBEY TV with VIRChow...

LIVE AT=Live attenuated

P=Pneumonic plague..(Remember vaccine for bubonic plague is a killed vaccine)

O=OPV

M=MMR vaccine(Measles,Mumps,Rubella)

B=BCG

E=Epidemic typhus(normal typhus vaccine is killed)

Y=Yellow fever vaccine(17D vaccine)

T=Typhoid oral

V=VZV(Varicella zoster virus) it causes Varicella and zoster
Varicella (Chicken pox in young and zoster in old) The Varicella vaccine and zoster vaccine they are both live attenuated vaccines)

I=Influenza(cold adapted Influenza) {remember that normal Influenza vaccine is killed vaccine but cold adapted Influenza vaccine is live attenuated vaccine....}

R=Rotavirus vaccine

C=Cholera virus vaccine(There are 2 types of Cholera vaccine live as well as killed)

Glaucoma surgeries mnemonic

Open angle glaucoma surgeries mnemonic

GIFT

G=Goniotomy
I=iridectomy
F=filteration surgeries
T=trabeculoplasty

Filteration surgeries are of 2 types External filteration surgeries and Internal Filteration surgeries..

External filteration surgeries are like GUARD FREE PEN

GUARD=GUARDed filteration surgeries (Trabeculectomy gold standard surgery for glaucoma)

FREE=Free filteration surgeries (NO more done)

PEN=non PENetrating filteration surgeries (sclerectomy)

Internal filteration surgeries mnemonic

CT STENT

C=Canaloplasty
T=trabectome
STENT=iSTENT
Internal Filteration surgeries are performed to avoid the risk of Endophthalmitis which rarely may happen in external filteration surgery..

Open angle glaucoma treatment mnemonic

Open angle glaucoma treatment is FAMous

F=Filteration surgery
A=Argon laser trabeculoplasty
M=Medical therapy

Medical therapy is first choice...

Drug of choice for POAG (Primary open angle glaucoma) is prostaglandin analogues..

Remember that all drugs which are used for glaucoma have some basic mechanism of action these are
1.Aqueous humor production reduction
2.Trabeculaer outflow is enhanced
3.Uveoscleral outflow is enhanced

Prostaglandin analogue MOA (Mechanism of action) is PTU

P=Prostaglandin analogue
T=Trabecular outflow increased
U=Uveoscleral outflow increased

Beta blockers are 2nd choice drugs they have exactly opposite action of prostaglandin analogues that is they do not increase outflow rather they stop aqueous humor formation..

mioTic are 3rd choice drugs and focus into the T of mioTic because it's MOA is Trabecular outflow increased..

Once used Adrenaline analogues are no more used for glaucoma treatment because of their high risk for ALLERGIC REACTIONS... their MOA is easy to memorize just focus onto the A of Adrenaline it's MOA is All 3 actions..

Glaucoma investigations mnemonic

Open angle glaucoma investigations mnemonic

Females Provided News Samachar on DTC bus GangPOAG

F=Fundoscopy(to look for optic disc changes)

P=Perimetry(to detect visual field changes)

N=Nerve fibre layer analysis(NFLA){To diagnose early glaucoma before the optic disc and visual field changes occur)

S=Slit lamp examination(to know whether it is primary or secondary open angle glaucoma)

D=DVT(Diurnal variation test){for early diagnosis of glaucoma}

T=Tonometry(to measure IOP)

C=CCT(Central Corneal Thickness)

G=Gonioscopy(to differentiate between angle open and angle closure glaucoma)

Health indicators mnemonic

Criteria for a health indicator mnemonic
VFRS
V=valid
F=feasible
R=Reliable,Relevant
S=Sensitive,Specific

Health indicators list mnemonic

SHE Deals with My Mental Nature indicates her goodnesa

S=Socioeconomic indicators
H=health policy indicators ,health care delivery indicators
E=environmental indicators
D=disability rates
M=mortality indicators
M=morbidity indicators
N=nutritional status Indicators

Health Determinants mnemonic

SHE determined BIOGEN is best for AGEING problem

S=Socioeconomic status and Sociocultural conditions
H=Health services
E=Environment
BIO=BIOlogical Determinants
GEN=GENder
AGEING=AGEING of the population 

Extraocular muscles distance mnemonic

Distance of extraocular muscles from limbus mnemonic
Lowest to highest
MILS
M=medial rectus (5.5mm)
I=Inferior rectus (6.5mm)
L=lateral rectus (6.9mm)
S=superior rectus(7.5mm)

Pupillary reflex abnormalities mnemonic

Anomalies of pupillary light reflex mnemonic

ATP & ARP et.AL Ready to MEW

ATP=Adie's Tonic Pupil
ARP=Argyll Robertson Pupil
AL Ready= Amaurotic Light Reflex
M=Marcus Gunn Pupil
E=Efferent pathway defect
W=Wernicke hemianopic pupil

Retinoblastoma symptoms mnemonic

Retinoblastoma symptoms most common to least common In order
LaS NeVaDa  the vowels are silent...
L=Leukocoria
S=Squint
N=Nystagmus
VD=Vision defect

Elements of cohort study mnemonic

This mnemonic is not superb but it's a help....pronounce it few times and it will stick to your memory...

SOSODESFA......


SOS=Selection Of Study subjects

ODE=Obtaining Data on Exposure

S=Selection of comparison groups

F=Follow up

A=Analysis.

XDR TB mnemonic

XDR TB treatment Mnemonic

Remember friends that XDR TB is treated in 2 phases
1st phase =intensive phase which is usually for 6 months but can be continued for maximum 9 months..
2nd phase=continuation phase which is for always 18 months...

Now the XDR TB regimen

CAPCLIM during intensive phase
CAPLIM during continuation phase

One C is less in Continuation phase

Intensive phase CAPCLIM
C=capreomycin
A=Amoxyclav
P=pyrazinamide
C=Clofazimine
L=Linezolid
I=INH high dose(Isoniazid)
M=Moxifloxacin


Continuation phase
CAPLIM

Now here the regimen is same except one C is less and that is Capreomycin.... don't confuse between clofazimine and capreomycin... Remember that capreomycin is an aminoglycosides and you cannot give an aminoglycosides for 2 years because the patient's kidney will get scrapped......

Disinfection of water on large scale mnemonic

DePART

D=detection by simple techniques
P=pathogenic organism killed
A=availability at reasonable cost
R=residual concentration
T=non-Toxic

Lens transparency mnemonic

Factors responsible for lens transparency mnemonic

Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

P=Pump mechanism of lens,Proteins of lens
A=Avascularity of lens
C=Capsule of lens(transparent)
G=Glutathione (reduced glutathione)

Macrominerals mnemonic

Plant Can Make Sugar Not Kidding
P=phosphorus
C=carbon
M=Magnesium
S=sulfur
N=niteogen
K=K means potassium
Remember it is MAGnesium not manganese because we are talking about MEGA molecules(Macro molecules) and MAGnesium is MEGA... sounds similar

Folic acid deficiency mnemonic

Folic acid deficiency assessment mnemonic

FICAR na kar
F=FIGLU excretion test
ICAR=aICAR excretion test

AICAR=amino imidazole carboxy amide ribosyl phosphate

Reward centre mnemonic

Reward centre mnemonic

My Favourite Brain

Medial Forebrain Bundle 

MODY types mnemonic

Have 4 Glucose at 1 on IBN

Have 4=Hnf 4 alpha(MODY type 1)
Glucon=Glucokinase(MODY type 2)
1=hnf 1 alpha(MODY type 3)
I=IPF(MODY type 4)
B=hnf 1B(MODY type 5)
N=Neuritis D1(MODY type 6)

Arbovirus mnemonic

Arbovirus mnemonic

F*ck That Bi*ch

F=Flavivirus
T=Toga virus
B=Bunyavirus

Togavirus mnemonic

togAR ( it is a flower's name in Bengali)
A=Alpha virus
R=Rubivirus

Diarrhoea causes mnemonic

Viruses causing Diarrhoea mnemonic
CERANA loves CORONA

CERANA indica is a bee which loves CORONA flowers..

C=calcivirus
E=enterovirus
R=rotavirus
A=adenovirus
N=Norwalk virus
A=astrovirus

CORONA=corona virus

Congenital ptosis causes mnemonic

Simple BoSS
Simple=simple congenital ptosis
B=Blepharophimosis syndrome
S=synkinetic ptosis
S=superior rectus weakness

Conjunctivitis types mnemonic

MePoVan Has Invincible Mechanism Of Action

M=membranous conjunctivitis
P=pseudomembranous conjunctivitis
V=viral conjunctivitis
H=Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
I=inclusions conjunctivitis
M=mucopurulent conjunctivitis
O=Ophthalmia Neonatorum
A=angular conjunctivitis 

Nutritional programmes mnemonic

SAVIMBI

S=Special nutrition programme
A=Anemia prophylaxis programme
V=vit.A prophylaxis programme
I=Iodine deficiency disorders control programme
M=Mid day meal programme
B=Balwadi programme
I=ICDS programme

Leprosy control mnemonic

DR House became SICk at EC Market

D=deformity limitation
R=rehabilitation
H=health education
S=surveillance
I=immunoprophylaxis
C=chemoprophylaxis
E=estimation of the problem
C=case detection
M=multidrug therapy

Chicken pox complications mnemonic

HEMAR pneu(knew)  REYE will ATtack ENCILA...

HEMAR=HEMORRhage
PNEU=PNEUmonia
REYE=REYE syndrome
ATtack=ATaxia
ENCILA=ENCEphalitis

Macula function tests mnemonic

Pronounce macula as MMACCula....

M=Maddox rod test

M=Modified photostress test

A=Amsler grid test

C=cardboard test(2 point discrimination test)

C=Coloured light test

Entropion surgeries mnemonic

Senile entropion surgeries mnemonic

PLICATION TRANSfer WAS QUICK

PLICATION=PLICATION of lower lid retractors
TRANSfer=TRANSverse everting suture(basic surgery)
WAS=WEIS operation
QUICK =QUICKert procedure 

Angle closure glaucoma mnemonic

Angle closure glaucoma treatment mnemonic

HAM Burger

H=Hypertonic mannitol(20℅mannitol)

A=Acetazolamide

M=Miotic(pilocarpine)

B=Beta blocker {timolol}

DCT indications mnemonic

DCT indication mnemonic or DCT contraindications mnemonic

DCT is indicated where DCT is Contraindicated

Mnemonic

Abbe FATTU SURGEON(in Hindi it means total looser)

A=Age below 4 or above 60
F=Fibrotic sac
A=Atrophic rhinitis
T=Tumor of lacrimal sac
T=TB of lacrimal sac
U SURGEON =Unskilled SURGEON

Chalazion complication mnemonic

FRance Highest Civilian Medal
F=Fungating mass of granulation tissue
R=Resolution
H=Hordeolum internum
C=Calcification
M=Metastatic change(adenocarcinoma)

Iris layers mnemonic

Ciliary body and iris layers mnemonic

INTERnet Not Playing STORM SUPER

INTERnet=INTERnal limiting membrane
Not=NON pigment epithelium
Playing=Pigmented epithelium
STORM=STROMA
SUPER=SUPRA ciliary lamina

Blepharitis mnemonic

Blepharitis types mnemonic
Play MBPS

P=Parasitic blepharitis
M=mixed blepharitis
B=bacterial blepharitis
P=Posterior blepharitis
S=Seborrheic blepharitis 

Chalazion mnemonic

Chalazion treatment mnemonic

Conservative IS INspector's DIEt Oral Taco

Conservative=Conservative treatment
IS=Inject Steroid
INspector=INcision &Curettage
DIEt=DIathermy
ORAL Taco=ORAL Tetracycline

Oral Tetracycline is not treatment it is given to prevent recurrence..
Diathermy is done when chalazion is marginal ....normally chalazion is seen away from eyelid margin...
INcision & Curettage is the conventional treatment

Conservative  treatment and Steroid is given when chalazion is in very early stage that is when chalazion is still soft and small...

Cataract clinical features mnemonic

BLUe and BLACK POLYGon Here and dere.

BLUE=BLUr images
BLACK= BLACK spots in field of vision
POLY=POLYopia(unilocular POLYopia)
Gon=Glare
Here=Halo
Dere=Deterioration of vision

Preoperative evaluation of cataract mnemonic

Preoperative evaluation of cataract before surgery mnemonic...

BIVA downloaded KMPFaster

B=Biometry
I=IOP measurement
V=Visual status examination
A=Anterior segment examination

K=Keratometry
M=Macular function test
P=Pupil examination
F=Fundus examination 

Ocular hypotony mnemonic

Ocular hypotony causes mnemonic or low IOP causes mnemonic or low Intra ocular Pressure causes mnemonic


ABCDEFGH

A=Arteritis(temporal Arteritis)
B=Bleb complications (Filtering bleb complications)
C=Corneoscleral laceration
D=Detachment of retina, Detachment of choroid
E=Endophthalmitis, Exercise(strenuous Exercise),Evening(during Evening IOP falls)
F=Flat anterior chamber
G=Glaucoma (uveitic Glaucoma)
H=Hyphaema

PseudoPterygium vs pterygium mnemonic

PseudoPterygium  vs.  Pterygium
We differentiate between these 2 by Probe Passing test..
In pseudopterygium the probe can be passed underneath ....but probe can not be passed in pterygium..
Way to remember this for always is that
Probe Pass has 2 P similarly PseudoPterygium has 2P..... but Pterygium has one P..
So in PseudoPterygium Probe Passes....

Mycotic Corneal ulcer mnemonic

Treatment of mycotic corneal ulcer mnemonic

FANN
F=Fluconazole
A=Amphoterecin B
N=Natamycin
N=Nystatin

Causes of mycotic corneal ulcer mnemonic

CAFe

C=Candida albicans
A=Aspergillus
F=Fusarium

DOC for Candida is Amphoterecin B
DOC for Fusarium and Aspergillus is Natamycin

Fluconazole has broadest spectrum amongst the drugs
It act against all the three culprits...
Nystatin has least spectrum on act against Candida..

VISION 2020 mnemonic

Causes childhood blindness according to VISION 2020

Mnemonic
 MISS CAT ON A ROPe

MISS=Measles
CAT=CATaract
ON=Ophthalmia Neonatorum
A=vit.Adeficiency
ROPe=Retinopathy Of Prematurity

That's it ....Hope it helps